What we know about John's family history: John has thalassemia major. Both of John's parents have normal red blood cells. John also has a brother and a sister, but neither have been tested for the thalassemia trait. John's wife, Linda, has normal red blood cells. Both of Linda's parents have normal red blood cells. Linda's maternal grandfather (her mother's father) has normal red blood cells, while her maternal grandmother (her mother's mother) has the thalassemia trait. Linda's fraternal grandfather (her father's father) had thalassemia major, while her fraternal grandmother (her father's mother) had normal red blood cells.

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.

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