Blastula is a modifiedwhat

Salmonella typhimurium is a food-borne bacterial pathogen that can cause severe gastrointestinal disease. salmonella is often phagocytosed by macrophages that normally destroy bacterial pathogens, but this bacterium is somehow able to prevent the complete maturation of phagolysosomes. salmonella is able to tolerate the low ph of phagolysosomes, and in fact responds to the drop in ph by secreting toxins that interfere with other cellular responses. which of the following differences would you expect to contribute to the survival of a bacterium within an salmonella-containing phagosome, compared to a healthy phagolysosome? decreased activity of acid hydrolases increased activity of acid hydrolases decreased import of h+ ions increased import of h+ ions my guess is decreased activity of acid hydrolases but i'm not sure.

Atypical human cell is approximately 12.00 μm in diameter and enclosed by a membrane that is 5.000 nm thick. (a) what is the volume of the cell including the membrane? (b) what is the volume of the cell membrane? (c) what percent of the total volume does its membrane occupy? to simplify the calculations, model the cell as a sphere. enter your answers using four significant figures.

What are they five steps of cloning?