Discribe the processes of transcriotion and translation

Please find the explanation of transcription and translation below using the key words.

Explanation:

Transcription is the process whereby a gene in a DNA template is used to synthesize a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule in the nucleus of the cell. This process of transcription occurs with the aid of an enzyme called RNA POLYMERASE, which adds the nucleotides complementary to the one it reads in the gene to the growing mRNA strand.

Translation, on the other hand, is the second process of gene expression involving the synthesis of proteins from the mRNA sequence. This process occurs in the RIBOSOME where a group of three nucleotides in the mRNA called CODON is read by another group of complementary nucleotide in the transfer RNA (tRNA) called ANTICODON. The tRNA then carries amino acids corresponding to what is read in the codon to the growing polypeptide chain.

Explanation:

Basic Biology

BASIC BIOLOGY

Inspired by life

TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION

Genes provide information for building proteins. They don’t however directly create proteins. The production of proteins is completed through two processes: transcription and translation.

Transcription and translation take the information in DNA and use it to produce proteins. Transcription uses a strand of DNA as a template to build a molecule called RNA.

The RNA molecule is the link between DNA and the production of proteins. During translation, the RNA molecule created in the transcription process delivers information from the DNA to the protein-building machines.

DNA → RNA → Protein

DNA and RNA are similar molecules and are both built from smaller molecules called nucleotides. Proteins are made from a sequence of amino acids rather than nucleotides. Transcription and translation are the two processes that convert a sequence of nucleotides from DNA into a sequence of amino acids to build the desired protein.

These two processes are essential for life. They are found in all organisms – eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Converting genetic information into proteins has kept life in existence for billions of years.

DNA and RNA

RNA and DNA are very similar molecules. They are both nucleic acids (one of the four molecules of life), they are both built on a foundation of nucleotides and they both contain four nitrogenous bases that pair up.

A strand of DNA contains a chain of connecting nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a sugar, and a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. There is a total of four different nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

A strand of DNA is almost always found bonded to another strand of DNA in a double helix. Two strands of DNA are bonded together by their nitrogenous bases. The bases form what are called ‘base pairs’ where adenine and thymine bond together and guanine and cytosine bond together.

Adenine and thymine are complementary bases and do not bond with the guanine and cytosine. Guanine and cytosine only bond with each other and not adenine or thymine.

There are a couple of key differences between the structure of DNA and RNA molecules. They contain different sugars. DNA has a deoxyribose sugar while RNA has a ribose sugar.

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