A woman comes to you, a psychiatrist, complaining of being depressed, tired and irritable. She also has frequent headaches. Lately she has noticed some numbness, tingling in her hands and feet, and muscles weakness that makes walking difficult. She also has an odd lesson, but thinks her general depression makes her more susceptible to injury. This woman has been taking high does supplements of certain b vitamins because she has been told they will help with her PMS. What vitamin is she deficient in? What is the toxic level?

I think B and C I think that is what she is deficient in

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!

answer; blank(1); cervical; blank(2); lumbosacral;