a chemostat is continuous culture system that is designed to promote and prolong exponential growth and prevent bacteria from entering stationary phase. how might this work?

The circles, or orbits, for electrons are called energy levels. each level can hold only a certain number of electrons. add electrons to each level until you can't add any more. how many electrons can each level hold?

Students in biology are studying the macromolecules of life. they used a calorimeter to determine the calories in various types of food. once the lab was completed, the students ate the left over food samples. monica commented that in just 6 or 7 "chews" of the saltine, it was gone; nothing but a sticky paste in her mouth. elaborate on what happened chemically while chewing the saltine. include the macromolecules present.

According to theories of how life began, how did early organic molecules begin to separate from the outside world? a: specialized enzymes were required b: chains of amino acids created a barrier c: formation of microspheres or vesicles d: rna catalyzed the formation of membranes