Please hel BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Some mosquito-borne pathogens, like the dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, cause diseases for which there are not yet effective treatments or vaccines. Zika virus in particular has spread to more than 80 countries to date, making it a global concern. Zika can cause a debilitating illness of the nervous system called Guillain-Barré syndrome and, when a pregnant woman is infected, severe birth defects including microcephaly. An increasingly common approach to preventing the spread of these diseases is to target mosquito fertility rather than use insecticides, which can have negative environmental effects. One of these techniques involves using the naturally occurring Wolbachia bacteria that infect mosquitoes, making them, in some cases, infertile. When male mosquitoes are infected with Wolbachia, they must mate with an infected female to produce viable embryos. If they mate with an uninfected female, their sperm are unable to go through mitosis after embryo formation. Consequently, in the field, after mating with a Wolbachia-infected male, an uninfected wild female will lay eggs that never hatch. This is called cytoplasmic incompatibility.

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