during the early days of deciphering the human genome, scientists were surprised to find that the number of genes appeared to be significantly fewer than what had been predicted on the basis of the estimated numbers of different proteins required by our cells. what aspect of nucleic acids and transcription can help explain this discrepancy?

the principle of segregation describes how pairs of gene variants are separated into reproductive cells. from his data, mendel formulated the principle of segregation. we now know that the segregation of genes occurs during meiosis in eukaryotes, which is a process that produces reproductive cells called gametes.

essentially, one bacterial cell splits into two daugurer cells. bacterial offspring don't need or get care from their parents because they are in a sense their own parents. that said, some bacteria can and do depend on other bacteria especially in harsh environments such as bacterial microfilms in hot water tanks.

true skin; another name for the dermis. lies directly beneath the epidermis and is often referred to as the true skin. outermost layer of epidermis, consisting of dead cells.