Your friend believes that prokaryotes are always detrimental and pathogenic. How would you explain to them that they are wrong?

stratosphere: as the altitude increases, the air temperature increases. the stratosphere has a layer of ozone, called the ozone layer. this layer absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. this results in the stratosphere being warmer.

the missing space is phylum

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high

it's diluted or concentrated

in a diluted solution, you can add a lot more solute but in concentrated only a little more can be added