use reduced, preformed organic molecules (usually from other organisms) as carbon sources, obtain energy from the oxidation of organic compounds, and use reduced organic compounds as their electron source.

the answer is b. glad to .

kelp are large brown algae that live in cool, relatively shallow waters close to the shore. they grow in dense groupings much like a forest on land. these underwater towers of kelp provide food and shelter for thousands of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammal species.

e) all of the above