¿Cómo se le llama a la situación creada por la presencia en el ambiente de sustancias o formas de energía, en tal cantidad y con una duración tal de su acción, que son susceptibles a provocar efectos perjudiciales?

the correct answer is option d.

an appositive is a noun, noun phrase or noun clause which follows another noun or noun phrase in order to describe it or name it another way. they are usually used between commas, brackets or dashes.

the example sentence with the correct use of commas is the following:

her uncle, the man over there in the red shirt, owns the hardware store in town.