Louis Pasteur is not associated with : a) Introduction of complex media
b) Discovery of Robies vaccine
c) Discoved spontaneous generation theory
d) Discovery of M. tuberculosis​

organisms that are both used in toothpaste as well as cause malaria are protista and monera.

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

since there are no options posted i'll give you a few examples.

a dolphin's flipper, bird's wing, cat's leg.

blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart. as the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.