Is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instabilitying organisms and the physical environment interact in an immense and complicated web of relationships.
O a Chemicalsubstances
Ob pollution
Oc. Environment

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

The source of energy shown in the image is (renewable, non renewable, polluting) a drawback of building a dam is that (it will destroy ecosystems, it requires fossil fuels, it won’t be useful for irrigation)

Aquantity of gas has a volume of 18 m3 and an absolute temperature of 225 k. when the temperature of the gas is raised to 380 k, what is the new volume of the gas? (assume that there’s no change in pressure.)