A potential difference of 100 mV exists between the inner and outer surfaces of a cell membrane. The inner surface is negative relative to the outer surface. How much work is required to eject a positive sodium ion (Na ) from the interior of the cell

Wind energy is plentiful in regions with vast open spaces it is a non polluting renewable resource what could be an economic factor that makes the use of this resource less feasible then non renewable resource even in such regions

Assume that a student is given two different models of bacteria, with one model consisting of big bacteria and the other consisting of small bacteria. how can the student demonstate the theory of endosymbiosis using the models

1. the passing of is the basis of heredity. 2. our encode the instructions that define our traits. 3. each of us has thousands of genes, which are made of and reside in our chromosomes. 4. in addition to our genes, the we live in also define our traits. 5. humans have two complete sets of chromosomes. 6. when parents conceive a child, each parent contributes set of chromosomes. 7. every child receives of its chromosomes from the mother and half from the father. 8. this transfer takes place at when the father’s sperm joins the mother’s egg. 9. while most cells in our bodies have two sets of chromosomes, or a total of egg and sperm each have chromosomes. 10. when egg and sperm unite they create a single cell called a 11. each parent contributes complete set of chromosomes to their child. 12. since the parents contribute the chromosomes to each new child, every child inherits a unique set of chromosomes. 13. as a result, every baby will have a combination of traits.