How does the presence of an acid in a water solution affect the pH of the solution

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

2. which of the following statements does not accurately describe stem cells? a. embryonic stem cells make up the inner cell mass of a blastocyst. b. with more research, stem cells may be used to repair or replace damaged cells. c. the use of stem cells is without any objections since it can be used in therapies to humans. d. adult stem cells are multipotent and can differentiate into many types of cells.

The embryos of a bird, a reptile, and a mammal are similar in appearance. how does comparing the physical appearance of embryos of different species support the theory of evolution? a. it shows that these organisms share a common ancestor. b. it provides evidence that these organisms eat the same foods.c. it shows that these organisms share the same habitat.d. it provides evidence that these organisms suffered a genetic mutation.