CLAY PARTICLES DO NOT SETTLE DOWN EASILY DURING THE PROCESS OF SEDIMENTATION. CAN YOU SUGGEST ONE METHOD TO MAKE THEM HEAVIER AND THUS HELP IN SEDIMENTATION? Name the method and the chemical

Coagulation by additionmof chemicals such as aluminium sulfate also known as alum will help in sedimentation of clay particles.

Explanation:

Clay particles are very small particles found suspended water obtained from streams and rivers for township supply. They have weak electrical negative charges on their surfaces which when they approach one another, they repel each other thus making it almost impossible for clay particles to settle out of suspension.

Because of this, prior to the sedimentation step, a chemical process known as coagulation is required. In this process, certain chemicals called coagulants, are added to the water to bring the difficult-to-settle suspended particles such as clay particles together into larger, heavier masses of solids called flocs. They do these by interfering with the repulsive forces between the particles, thus allowing them to clump together into flocs. The most commonly used coagulant used for water purification is aluminium sulfate or alum. Other chemicals that are also employed in coagulation include ferric sulfate and sodium aluminate.

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

what is shown in the image?

eukaryote

chloroplast

mitochondrion

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