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A single replacement reaction occurs when an element reacts with a compound to produce a new element and a new compound. It can only occur when the element that is doing the replacing is more reactive than the element that is being replaced. Therefore, it is useful to have a list of elements in order of their relative reactivities. The activity series is a list of elements in decreasing the order of reactivity. Since metals replace other metals, while nonmetals replace other nonmetals, they each have a separate activity series.

There are two types of single replacement reactions:

A metal replaces another metal that is in solution:  

A + BC → B + AC

Example:  Zn + CuC → Cu + ZnC

A halogen replaces another halogen that is in solution:

A + BC → C + BA

Example: Br + 2KI → I

the oceanic zone is typically defined as the area of the ocean lying beyond the continental shelf, but operationally is often referred to as beginning where the water depths drop to below 100 meters (328 feet), seaward from the coast to the open ocean.

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