What are the key Features of In Vitro Toxicology? Creative Bioarray specializes in predictive, 3D tissue and cell-based in vitro toxicity assays using primary cells from many different tissues and organs. We know how keeping control of time and costs is valuable to our clients.

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The main advantages of in vitro tests are as follows: (1) reduction of animal sacrifice during toxicity screening of various chemicals, (2) more controlled exposure conditions (hormonal and cofactor make-up of the exposure media), (3) increased precision of the response (less biological variation than with in vivo ..

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.

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explanation: