Bringing all the evidence together Use what you have learned so far to connect observational evidence from today to an extremely dense and hot early universe that has expanded and cooled over time.

Evidence
Claim
Reasoning
Redshift in the spectra of galaxies
At the beginning of time, the universe was extremely small, hot, and dense but has been expanding ever since.
This evidence supports the claim because….

The detection of microwave background radiation all over the universe
At the beginning of time, the universe was extremely small, hot, and dense but has been expanding ever since.

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, controlling virtually every reaction within as well as providing structure and serving as signals to other cells. proteins are long chains of  amino acids  , and the exact sequence of the amino acids determines the final structure and function of the protein. instructions for that sequence are encoded in  genes  . to make a particular protein, a messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) copy is made from the gene (in the process called  transcription  ), and the mrna is transported to the  ribosome  . protein synthesis, also called  translation  , begins when the two ribosomal subunits link onto the mrna. this step, called initiation, is followed by elongation, in which successive amino acids are added to the growing chain, brought in by transfer rnas (trnas). in this step, the ribosome reads the  nucleotides  of mrna three by three, in units called  codons  , and matches each to three nucleotides on the trna, called the anticodon. finally, during termination, the ribosome unbinds from the mrna, and the  amino acid  chain goes on to be processed and folded to make the final, functional protein

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