From the passage below, the initial attack by insect herbivores is beneficial because...? (1.) chemicals that protect the plant against early herbivores are produced and passed to offspring through sexual reproduction
(2.) the plants produce chemicals that protect them against herbivores that appear later
(3.) chemical pesticides are produced, which are used by humans to protect the plants against
(4.) spikelike hairs that attract predators of the early herbivores are produced