From fossil evidence, you know two species shared a common ancestor approximately 50 million years ago. In comparing a known neutral sequence between rats and mouse, you found 92 base differences in 1000bp. From this information, which of the following values is closest to what you would predict the mutation rate to be? a. 1 x 10-9
b. 4 x 10-9
c. 2 x 10-9
d. 5 x 10-9
e. 5 x 10-8
f. 8 x 10-9

Option c () is the correct alternative.

Explanation:

Given:

Common ancestor,

= 50 million years ago

Base differences,

= 92

Now,

The predicted mutation rate will be:

=

=

=

or,

=

Thus the above solution is the right one.

parasites can detrimentally affect their host, but also must not allow their host to die before they can complete their life cycle. some parasites have complex life cycles with many different hosts, and have had to find ways of persisting in many different environments during the change from one host to another. ectoparasites live outside the body of the host, and can more easily  disperse, but are  more exposed to predators, parasites, parasitoids. endoparasites live inside the body of the host, and are therefore protected from the outside environment. but they can be  attacked by the host's immune system. they have therefore developed  mechanisms for dispersal such as  complex life cycles.

hi~~

i would say that hybridization occurs frequently in nature, because there are many types of hybrids that have occurred naturally, such as the mule (male donkey + female horse)