List and briefly describe the chemical sequence of events in the fight-or-flight response to a threatening situation from the binding of epinephrine at the receptor site to readiness for another situation.

Binding taking place at the receptor site

G protein activates in the cell membrane

Conversion of GDP → GTP

Activation of adenylate cycles

Cyclic production of AMP → ADP

Initiation of the desired reaction in regard to the original message

Cyclic restoration of AMP → ATP

Explanation:

The description of the mechanism:

Right off the bat, epinephrine attaches to a molecule called a receptor (beta-adrenergic protein).

G protein, which is found on the inner side of the plasma membrane, is activated when epinephrine binds to it.

The GDP-carrying Alpha subunit of G protein is isolated during activation. After that, the GDP is translated to GTP.

Adenylate cyclase is then activated by GTP.

The only enzyme that can catalyze the transformation of ATP to CAMP is adenylate cyclase (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate). As a result, the CAMP molecule (secondary messenger) is produced.

CAMP stimulates protein kinase A, and the cycle repeats till the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme is triggered.

After that, the cyclic amp is brought back and restored.

d. in sexual reproduction, offspring have more chromosomes than

either parent.

asexual reproduction results in offspring which are genetically the same as the parent organism (not counting a rare mutation). sexual reproduction produces a random mixture of the genetics derived from both parents

explanation:

protocol for imps extraction focusing on membrane protein extraction, solubilisation, and purification.