In a good experimental design, the part of the experiment that is intentionally changed is the A dependent variable.
B independent variable.
C constant
D control

Constants never change.

Controls typically don't change or they are done by standard means

(like in an experiment where you water plants with sodas, the plant you use water with is the control)

Dependent variables are the outcome of the experiment. This is the result of changing something.

Independent variables are what you are testing. A independent variable is something that is  intentionally altered.

easy way to remember it is that dependent variables depend on what other variables are. so you cant change a dependent variable, but you can change the other variables.

you did not attach the discourse, but i assume it to be the discourse on the origin and basis of inequality among men (the original titile in french is: "discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes"), also know as "second discourse". in this discourse, jean-jacques rousseau emphasizes that private property is the basis of all inequalities.

therefore, what enabled the old regime to maintain as long as it did was private property.

the answer is sex-linked recessive.