Can someone help me put this in my own words: What is phyletic gradualism? How does this differ from "punctuated equilibrium"?

Phyletic gradualism is the idea of slow accumulation of changes in a common
ancestor, leading to numerous new species. Punctuated equilibrium is the rapid
evolution of species following an event that leave many niches available

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Explain why ecosystem diversity results in species diversity in a healthy biosphere

Moving down the ramp from 6 meters to

Cladistics is a way of classifying organisms by examining the characteristics of their ancestors and descendants and depicting the relationships in a cladogram. which of the following best describes a challenge in classifying organisms this way? a. there are millions of species on earth, and a cladogram is not a practical means for classifying all of them. b. it is impossible to tell which organisms are most closely related to each other using a cladogram. c. cladograms are detail-oriented and do not provide a useful understanding of evolutionary relationships. d. there is a limited number of ways to organize the information, so most cladograms end up looking very similar.