Q.3. Describe the structure of the internal and middle ear.
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The inner ear has two openings into the middle ear, both covered by membranes

Explanation:

The oval window lies between the middle ear and the vestibule, whilst the round window separates the middle ear from the scala tympani (part of the cochlear duct)

QUESTION:

Describe the structure of the internal and middle ear.

Ears are a pair of a statoacoustic organ that helps in balancing and hearing. The human ear includes – the middle ear, the inner ear, and the internal ear. The pinna is a part of the auditory system and forms the external ear. The middle ear has 3 bones – the malleus(hammer), the stapes(stirrup) and incus(anvil) which are attached in a chain-like pattern. The stapes is connected to the oval window of cochlea and the malleus is connected to the tympanic membrane. These three bones or ossicles raises the productivity of communication of sound waves to the inner ear. The middle ear leads to the Eustachian tube that bridges along with the pharynx and controls the force between the outside and the middle ear. The inner ear comprises a labyrinth of chambers filled with fluids inside the temporal bone of the skull. The labyrinth has 2 parts – the membranous and the bony labyrinth(series of channels). Inside the channels lies the membranous labyrinth which is girdled by a fluid known as perilymph and filled with a fluid called endolymph. The labyrinth has a coiled structure called the cochlea. Which has 2 large canals – upper vestibular canal and a lower tympanic canal that is divided by a small cochlear duct. Both canals contain the perilymph with endolymph in the cochlear duct. Towards the base of the scala vestibuli, the membranous labyrinth walls are in sync with the fenestra ovalis and at the lower end of the scala tympani is the fenestra rotunda.

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