Question A researcher did an experiment in which he had one group of people drink a liter of coffee in an hour and a control group of people drink a liter of water within the
same amount of time. He then measured their urine output over the course of the next two hours. Both groups produced an average of 250 ml of urine per hour
over that time period. He concluded that the coffee itself had no effect on urine output. Given his results, what else should he measure to identify the effects of
coffee drinking?

i thinking chemical change

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.

the answer

b.) bowling ball