Which of the following is a key difference between replicative and non-replicative transposition? (2 points) In non-replicative transposition, the gene is deleted from the genome, and in replicative transposition the original copy of the gene is inverted.

In non-replicative transposition, the transposition event occurs during mRNA processing, and in replicative transposition the transposition event is stimulated by RNA polymerase.

In non-replicative transposition, the gene is deleted from its original location, and in replicative transposition one copy of the gene always remains at the original site.

In non-replicative transposition, multiple copies of the gene are found, and in replicative transposition only one copy of the gene remains.
2.
Which of the following is true about exon shuffling? (2 points)

It increases the genetic variation of a population.

It is a means for DNA to fix point mutations before cell division.

Only the intron segments are translated into protein.

Segments to be shuffled are tagged by histones.
3.
Two molecules, cytosine and adenine, are shown bonded in the picture below:

Two molecules, cytosine and adenine, are shown bonded by hydrogen bonds.
© 2012 FLVS

The image shows several pairings created during viral DNA replication. This adds genetic variation to the virus population through . (2 points)

transposition

transduction

tautomeric shifts

translocation
4.
Which of the following best describes cell communication processes that are present in bacteria, yeast, and multicellular organisms? (2 points)

They carry out synaptic signaling, in which neurotransmitters are released and cause a response in nearby target cells.

They have gap junctions that allow molecules to pass through the cell wall without having to cross the cell membrane.

They produce hormones, which travel to neighboring cells and carry out local regulation processes.

They release chemical messengers to communicate with cells they may or may not be in direct contact with.
5.
Which of the following best describes the evolution of cell communication in organisms? (2 points)

Because single-celled organisms do not use cell communication to survive, it most likely evolved after multicellular organisms.

Cell communication does not occur in bacteria, suggesting it evolved after the emergence of multicellular organisms.

Cell communication evolved early in the history of life because cell-signaling mechanisms are present in plants, animals, and bacteria.

Signaling processes evolved independently across kingdoms because they all produce different cell communication hormones.
6.
Examine the image of a nerve cell below:

Image depicts a nerve cell releasing molecules into a synapse toward a target cell.
© 2012 FLVS

The diagram represents synaptic signaling in an animal. Which of the following is being released into the synapse in this model? (2 points)

local regulators

neurotransmitters

relay molecules

receptor proteins
7.
Which of the following correctly explains a long-distance signaling method animals use to perform cell communication? (2 points)

Chemical signals travel down a nerve cell and are converted to electrical signals at synapses.

Endocrine cells release hormones that travel through the bloodstream to target cells.

Local regulator molecules pass through gap junctions to transmit signals to target cells.

Proteins on a cell's surface recognize and interact with molecules on another cell's surface.