In North American forest, two species of birds, nuthatches and brown creepers, forage on the same trees for insects. Brown creepers feed on insects near the bottom of the tree trunk, while nuthatches feed on insects in the top part of the tree. The difference in foraging behavior most likely affects the nuthatches and brown creepers by: allowing birds to avoid many types of predators allowing birds to avoid many types of predators reducing competition between the birds for resources reducing competition between the birds for resources preventing the birds from interbreeding with each other preventing the birds from interbreeding with each other establishing dominance between the birds for nesting sites