Cystic fibrosis is a recessive gene disorder. The pedigree chart for a family known to have cystic fibrosis is shown below. A half shaded circle is shown connected by a straight line to a completely shaded square. Underneath the half shaded circle are the letters Aa which represent the genotype for the first parent. Underneath the second parent the letters, aa, appear representing the genotype for the other parent. Below this is another row of circles and squares. This 2nd row represents the offspring. Starting from the left a half shaded circle is shown connected to an unshaded square, followed by a half shaded square, and then a shaded circle. Each of the circles and squares, offspring, are connected by a horizontal straight line that connects to the parent group above. The genotype is written under each of the offspring in order from left to right; Aa, AA, Aa and aa.

What percentage of the offspring either are carriers or have observable disease?
25%
50%
75%
100%

the cells uses some of the atoms of the glucose molecules to atp molecules. the atoms of the glucose molecules will then be converted into energy which will be eventually stored in atp. the energy produced which are stored in atp are coming from the glucose’s chemical bonds.

condensation. good luck!

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!