What is the formula to find out the energy when given the energy?

How many trophic levels are there in the following food chain? phytoplankton - shrimp - perch - pike - osprey

The phlogiston theory in the 17th century attempted to explain burning. the theory stated that combustable objects contained a material called phlogiston, a substance without mass, color, odor, etc. after objects burned, the objects were dephlogistonated and were then in their true form. the phlogiston theory was accepted until the 18th century, when lavoisier proved that combustion requires a gas that has mass. phlogiston is considered a) to be scientific knowledge b) not to be scientific knowledge c) to be proven by scientific method d) to be accepted in the modern scientific community

Sediment layers stop lateral spreading when: they encounter a barrier they encounter an opposing current they run out of additional sedimentary material