Researchers use a variety of techniques to learn
more about the function of a specific gene in an
organism. in one type of experiment, called a
loss-of-function experiment, the gene being
investigated is eliminated. in a gain-of-function
experiment, extra copies of the gene being
investigated are inserted. the cell process most
directly affected in both experiments is
(1) protein synthesis
(2) waste disposal
(3) transport of materials
(4) breakdown of nutrients

ur answer is e & d

explanation:

the last one: artificial selection/genetic engineering

plant breeding is modifying the genetic composition of the plant - but this isn't cloning (which is specifically introducing a gene into a genome). but you are artificially selecting for the phenotype that you want.

the second one is literally genetic engineering - the gene would have been cloned first and then inserted or genetically engineered into the new plant cell (the cotton).

the correct answer was location c, because earth is tilted away from the sun at this time