How can an oil spill result in a loss of biodiversity?

a.) large die-offs in the affected areas reduce the number of species.
b.) oil in the animals' bodies causes them to mate with individuals outside of their species.
c.) the oil causes many species to extend their ranges beyond suitable conditions.
d.) weather changes resulting from the spill prevent animal reproduction.

A.) Large die-offs in the affected areas reduce the number of species.

Explanation:

The oil spill may cover the superficial layers of water. This will restrict the dissolution of oxygen from the atmosphere into the water. This will deplete the amount of oxygen in water. This may lead to the death of the organisms living in the water body. The large number of deaths of particular members of the species can affect other species of the ecosystem which are dependent upon the dying species. Therefore, the entire biodiversity of the region will be affected.  

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.