Which of the following describes how bacteria can receive or exchange genetic material?
(a) in transformation, some bacteria pick up pieces of dna from the environment.
(b) in conjugation, two bacterial cells temporarily join and transfer genetic material between them.
(c) in transduction, viruses infect bacteria, carrying gene from one cell and injecting them into another.
(d) all responses apply

Which of the following describes how bacteria can receive or exchange genetic material? (D) All responses apply

Bacteria have many ways to receive genetic material. In conjugation, if the bacteria that sharing the DNA is resistant to a drug, then it can make the receiver of the DNA to be resistant too. This also works with transduction.

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, controlling virtually every reaction within as well as providing structure and serving as signals to other cells. proteins are long chains of  amino acids  , and the exact sequence of the amino acids determines the final structure and function of the protein. instructions for that sequence are encoded in  genes  . to make a particular protein, a messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) copy is made from the gene (in the process called  transcription  ), and the mrna is transported to the  ribosome  . protein synthesis, also called  translation  , begins when the two ribosomal subunits link onto the mrna. this step, called initiation, is followed by elongation, in which successive amino acids are added to the growing chain, brought in by transfer rnas (trnas). in this step, the ribosome reads the  nucleotides  of mrna three by three, in units called  codons  , and matches each to three nucleotides on the trna, called the anticodon. finally, during termination, the ribosome unbinds from the mrna, and the  amino acid  chain goes on to be processed and folded to make the final, functional protein