Stigma can be defined as a resulting from:

Stigma can be defined as a resulting from severe disapproval socially of personal characteristics and/or beliefs that are seen to be against the cultural norms. These are stereotypes that are being associated with particular sets of characteristics, attributes, and behaviors and it has a reputation which is discrediting socially. For instance, an individual was diagnosed to have breast cancer. Instead of people supporting your illness by doing and organizing activities that would raise awareness, the people will blame you for the illness that you have. They would look at you as if you are the one to blame for that disease.

answer: - b cells

explanation: -

there are many types of white blood cells present in our body. one such class of white blood cells are the lymphocytes. the b cells belong to the lymphocyte class of wbcs. the b cells perform their action against the pathogen by producing specialised proteins called as antibodies. these antibodies are produced as and when the b cells encounter pathogens in response to the antigens present on the surface of the pathogen. these antibodies bind to the antigens present on the pathogen and then, target them for destruction by other cells of the immune system.

so, the b cells mediate their action by identifying the antigens present on the surface of the pathogens and then producing antibodies in return to mediate its effect.