In plants and animals, gene flow can occur between closely related species. this is
a) hybridization
b) genetic drift
c) non-random mating
d) graualism

The correct answer is- Hybridization.

Hybridization can be described as a process of combining traits of two organism belonging to different species, or breeds, resulting in the formation of a hybrid (containing traits of both) organism. It is extensively done in plants to incorporate desired gene in the genome of the organism.

This can occur between closely related species, allowing variants of gene (that is allele) of one organism to integrate into another organism.

This results in the gene flow that is transfer of genetic variation of one organism into another.

Thus, option A) is the right answer.

the darker peppered moth species were favored due to the fact that the industrial revolution had made all the nearby trees a darker color instead of white.

sodium i think the chemical element of atomic number 11, a soft silver-white reactive metal of the alkali metal group.