According to
e. o. wilson, refers to genetic variants among a single species, individuals within a species, communities of organisms, and ecosystems.

The answer to this question is biodiversity. Biodiversity is the variants in organisms, animals, and plants simplified as variation of life in all levels in the ecosystem. Mr. Edward Osborne Wilson is known as the father of biodiversity. Biodiversity is important because it makes the ecology stable and give economic benefits to people.  

i believe the answer would be b. hope it : )

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high