Explain how critical value variations influence statistical power.

Statistical power is the likelihood that a test (statistical test) will detect an effect when there is an effect there to be detected. Statistical power is inversely related to the probability of making a Type II error (Type II errors, or false negatives, occur when you don’t see things that are there) = beta.
statistical power = 1 – β. The critical value is the value corresponding to a given significance level.  The statistical power is influenced by the choice of significance level for the test (by the critical value). Larger critical value means increased power of the test:  the chance of obtaining a statistically significant result is increased (reduces the risk of a Type II error (false negative regarding whether an effect exists) is reduced) . 

Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 years and most igneous rock is older than that.

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