What is the means by which landmasses slowly move over the surface of earth called

An easy way to calculate the amount of energy available at each level is to what?

There are specialized producers that live in warm water vents deep in the ocean. these producers do not per-form from photosynthesis, but instead perform a similar process with iron and other chemicals. why do you think these producers use this process instead of photosynthesis?

Which event would lead to primary succession of a forest?