The higher mental functions, such as reasoning, are mostly carried out in the

cerebellum
brainstem
limbic system
cerebral cortex

The Cerebellum performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement. it is located right below the cerebrum and is the largest part of the brain. 

The truman doctrine was an american foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter soviet geopolitical expansion during the cold war. it was announced to congress by president harry s. truman on march 12, 1947, and further developed on july 12, 1948, when he pledged to contain threats to greece and turkey