What is the central dogma that tells how information is transformed to make a protein

Why aren't the stains like crystal violet and safranin washed away with water during simple staining?

If bacteria are much too small to see, what is one reason why can we see colonies in the petri dishes that have plenty of food to eat after only a few days?

What is the difference between sex-linked traits and autosomal traits in humans? a. sex-linked traits can only be passed from fathers to sons, while autosomal traits can be passed on from both parents to offspring of any sex. b. sex-linked traits are passed on through the x and y chromosomes, while autosomal traits are passed on through the other 22 chromosomes. c. sex-linked traits only affect females, while autosomal traits affect both males and females. d. sex-linked traits refer to genes that are on the x and y chromosomes, while autosomal traits refer to genes on all 23 chromosomes.