Aperson has a bone fracture and takes a painkiller that causes blood vessel constriction. why might this pain killer actually slow bone healing? specifically describe how the drug would affect the three stages of bone healing.

Painkillers affects the healing of bones negatively and slow down the healing process. One should be careful what class of painkillers one takes for sprains, ruptured tendons and fractures.

Inflammation is one of the major step of the bone healing whic is affected by the painkillers like NSAIDs that inhibits COX-2 that is helpful in impair bone fracture due to the stop the endochondral ossification pathway.

These painkiller inhibits the important gene expression that leads to slow bone repair.

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predators: eagles, frogs, wolves, owls

the answer is definitely a