The tundra is characterized by extremely low temperatures as well as little precipitation, a rocky landscape, and permafrost. because of these physical features, what type of producers would we expect to find in the tundra?

a) lichens and low-growing moss
b) conifers, trees with needles and cones
c) leafy plants like ferns and deciduous trees
d) deciduous trees, that lose their leaves in the fall

Name the part of the the brain labeled "e".

Genetic disorders can result when sister chromatids fail to seperate properly. during what phase is this problem most likely to occur?

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).