If whales evolved from land-dwelling mammals, one would expect the fossil record to include intermediate forms, creatures more whale-like than land-dwelling mammals yet still possessing hind limbs and a pelvis lacking in modern whales. such intermediates are termed

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) makes it difficult for the respiratory system to deliver oxygen to the lungs. the scientist wants to use a computer simulation to model how copd affects heart rate and respiratory rate during exercise. she will compare the results of the simulation to the results she gathered in her previous study. which of the following would be an appropriate dependent variable for the new study?