What is the role of the molecule above in dna cloning? a. to carry the foreign dna into the host cell b. to identify the source of dna as foreign c. to identify the host cell that has taken up the gene of interest d. to make the foreign dna susceptible to digestion with enzymes

1. in what ways have non-native species been beneficial? 2. what are some of the hypotheses for the collapse of honeybee colonies? 3. distinguish between regional and functional extinction. 4. why is it difficult to measure background extinction rates? 5. what three factors are most important in causing extinction rates to climb?