When scientists look at very distant galaxies through powerful telescopes, they see the galaxies as they were millions or billions of year ago. why is this?

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

Biology ! the conversion of inorganic carbon to organic carbon by plants during photosynthesis is known as _[blank]_. filtration immigration reabsorption primary production

16. which of the following accurately describes a step within transcription? a. dna polymerase uses one strand of rna as a template to put together nucleotides. b. the dna strand is used as a template for which a complementary rna strand can be produced. c. the rna strand forms a template by which dna can be built. d. the rna strand is produced within the cytoplasm.