Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?
a) glycolysis and fermentation
b) fermentation and chemiosmosis
c) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coa
d) citric acid cycle

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.