What do the ecosystems of a puddle, lake, river, jungle, mountain-top grassland, and deep-sea vent have in common?

a. they are defined by their abiotic factors only.

b. they are defined by their biotic factors and abiotic factors.

c. energy never leaves the system once it enters.

d. they are defined by their biotic factors only.

the transfer of energy between two molecules spaced just nanometers apart plays a key role in many technologies, including photovoltaics, quantum information systems, lighting, and sensors, as well as in biophysics to measure nanometer distances and in photosynthesis. but an open question in this area is what effect, if any, the surrounding photonic environment has on this nanoscale energy transfer. by designing and performing a carefully controlled experiment to answer this question, scientists have settled the debate and found clues to improving the efficiency of many of the technologies that rely on this process.

explanation:

sorry, but you do not have posted the diagram.