Primary succession occurs: A. before secondary succession, when an environment is fully developed.

B. before secondary succession, when the environment is developing.

C. after secondary succession, when an environment is fully developed.

D. at the same time as secondary succession, when the environment is still developing.

D

Explanation:

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D. at the same time as secondary succession, when the environment is still developing.

Explanation:

Secondary succession is one of the two types ecological succession of a plant's life. As opposed to the first, primary succession, secondary succession is a process started by an event.(e.g. forest fire, harvesting, hurricane, etc.) that reduces an already established ecosystem (e.g. a forest or a wheat field) to a smaller population of species, and as such secondary succession occurs on preexisting soil whereas primary succession usually occurs in a place lacking soil. Many factors can affect secondary succession, such as trophic interaction, initial composition, and competition-colonization trade-offs. The factors that control the increase in abundance of a species during succession may be determined mainly by seed production and dispersal, micro climate; landscape structure (habitat patch size and distance to outside seed sources); bulk density, pH, and soil texture (sand and clay).

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they both go up but then go back down. they both end lower than they started. lastly, they both are competitive/the second on.

explanation: