Can some describe what is going on in this stage

you did not attach the discourse, but i assume it to be the discourse on the origin and basis of inequality among men (the original titile in french is: "discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes"), also know as "second discourse". in this discourse, jean-jacques rousseau emphasizes that private property is the basis of all inequalities.

therefore, what enabled the old regime to maintain as long as it did was private property.

b.

c. live where it’s cold and icy

the three components of a nucleotide are the nitrogenous base, the phosphate group and the five-carbon sugar.