Define apoptosis. How do mutations in the RAS proto-oncogene and the tumor suppressor gene p53 lead to cancer?

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Questions:

Define apoptosis.How do mutations in the RAS proto-oncogene and the tumor suppressor gene p53 lead to cancer?

Answers:

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global mRNA decay.Proto-oncogenes are genes that normally help cells grow. When a proto-oncogene mutates (changes) or there are too many copies of it, it becomes a "bad" gene that can become permanently turned on or activated when it is not supposed to be. When this happens, the cell grows out of control, which can lead to cancer.