The cladogram shown below describes the evolutionary relationship among several species, labeled A to F. The five dots represent derived characters. A cladogram includes a line with 5 dots. From bottom to top, the dots are labeled Trait 1 to Trait 5. Branches from the line lead to tips labeled A to F. Labels C and D are at the ends of very short branches off a longer branch.

The cladogram supports which of these predictions about the genomes of the six species?

A. The genome of species E is equally similar to the genomes of species D and F.

B. The genome of species E is more similar to the genome of species F than to any of the other species.

C. The genomes of species C and D are nearly identical because neither species has a derived character.

D. The genomes of the six species share few, if any, DNA sequences.

(You will find the cladogram in the attaches files)

C. The genomes of species C and D are nearly identical because neither species has a derived character.  

Explanation:

A Cladogram is a tree-type graph based on cladistic analysis. It represents the common ancestral relationships among the involved groups.

So the cladogram represents the relationship between groups according to a derived character.

The derivated character is any trait that a group passes to the descendants. Through evolution, the characters change, and new changes are added. When referring to a derivate character, we mean that all the subsequent species in the cladogram carry the trait.

A cladogram provides an image of how new species keep characters that were inherited from older species.  

So, in the exposed example, the five dots represent derived characters, representing traits 1 to 5. Branches A to F, represent groups. (See the cladogram in the attached files). Group A inherited trait 1, group B probably still carries trait 1, but also trait 2. Groups C and D equally inherited trait 3. Group E inherited character 4, and finally, group F inherited character 5.

Groups C and D inherited trait 3 and probably also still have traits 1 and 2. So they are very similar to each other. At a certain point, they diverged, probably due to a new mutation that was not passed to the rest of the group.  

C. The genomes of species C and D are nearly identical because neither species has a derived character. Correct.

estuaries are the partially enclosed coastal bodies of brackish water formed at the mouth of sea where river meets an ocean. it is a transition zone between river and sea water so estuaries are influenced to both marine environment such as tides, waves and to riverine such as flow of fresh water and sediments. the mixing of sea and fresh water provide high level of nutrients, making estuaries a high product habitats.

many estuaries suffers degradation from a variety of human activities like erosion from deforestation, overgrazing, overfishing, drainage and eutrophication.

so from the above statement answers will be

1. false as estuaries are formed due to both brackish and freshwater.

2.true, due to high productivity estuaries are breeding ground for many marine species.

3. direct and indirect activities of man that contribute to pollution and deposition of sediments.

d. organisms have cells with different shapes and functions.